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纳尼?山谷热真菌可入侵大脑导致严重后果!

2018-07-24 来源:中国病毒学论坛  标签: 掌上医生 喝茶减肥 一天瘦一斤 安全减肥 cps联盟 美容护肤
摘要:美国加州医生Samiollah Gholam博士发现,该粗球孢子菌可以侵入人体脑白质。通过检查1987到2014年间Gholam所在的Kern医学中心所接收的所有山谷热真菌入侵神经系统的病例,他们发现了三例真菌入侵白质的案例,且这三位患者全为男性。如果该真菌入侵了脑白质,将很难被检测到,只能通过检测脑脊液来确认。

 近期,一项还未发表的报道表明,一种会导致山谷热(ValleyFever)的真菌,可能会入侵大脑,带来未知的健康风险。

 
一般来说,可引起山谷热的真菌名为粗球孢子菌,它可通过空气感染。当吸入粗球孢子菌的孢子后,人体会逐步发展为严重的肺部损伤,以及多种症状(包括肺炎)。一些情况下,该真菌可能继续存活在人体中,并出现冬眠蛰伏,直到到达身体的特定区域,才“复活”过来。而且很可能该生物能够扩散到人体的骨骼和脑部区域,并导致炎症的发生。
 
美国加州医生SamiollahGholam博士发现,该粗球孢子菌可以侵入人体脑白质。通过检查1987到2014年间Gholam所在的Kern医学中心所接收的所有山谷热真菌入侵神经系统的病例,他们发现了三例真菌入侵白质的案例,且这三位患者全为男性。如果该真菌入侵了脑白质,将很难被检测到,只能通过检测脑脊液来确认。除了难以检测,该真菌入侵白质后,还会造成未知的损伤,并带来难以预测的后果。这三个案例的患者在通过抗真菌治疗后都有所好转,如果未经治疗,可以确定致死率将是100%。
 
现在还不清楚,为什么在有的人体内,该真菌会在“冬眠”后“复苏”,而在另外的人中则不会,可能的解释是不同人群的细胞遗传物质不同。引起山谷热的真菌最容易入侵中枢神经系统的地方是脑膜。即便山谷热所导致的症状有时候可能不明显,但是该症状背后的真菌却可能入侵大脑并导致严重后果。
 
Abstract:
 
Inrarecases,thefungusthatcausesvalleyfevercanalsoinfectthebrain,anewstudyfinds.
 
IntheU.S.,valleyfevermainlystrikespeopleintheSouthwest.ItiscausedbytheCoccidioidesfungus,whichisfoundinthesoilinthatpartofthecountry.Whenapersoninhalesthefungalspores,heorshemaydevelopmildtoseverelungproblems,includingpneumonia.
 
Insomeinstances,however,thefunguscangodormantinaperson'sbodyfollowinganinfection,onlytobecome"reactivated"laterinadifferentpartofthebody,saidDr.SamiollahGholam,aninternalmedicineresidentatKernMedicalinBakersfield,California,andaco-authorofthenewstudy.Typicallyinthesecases,theinfectionspreadstotheperson'sbonesortheliningofthebrain,calledthemeninges,GholamtoldLiveScience.Iftheinfectionspreadstothemeninges,apersoncandevelopmeningitis,whichisinflammationofthemeninges,hesaid.
 
Butthenewreportshowsthatinveryrarecases,theinfectioncanalsospreadtothewhitematterofaperson'sbrain,calledtheparenchyma,Gholamsaid.
 
Inthestudy,theresearchersreviewedallcasesofvalleyfeverthatoccurredatKernMedicalbetween1987and2014thathadspreadtothecentralnervoussystem.Ofthe153casestheyidentified,justthreeinvolvedthewhitematterofthebrain.Allthreecaseswereinmen.
 
Thethreecasesidentifiedinthestudybroughtthetotalnumberof"intraparenchymal"casesreportedinthemedicalliteraturesince1905upto42,accordingtothestudy,whichwaspresentedonOct.28hereatIDWeek2016,whichisameetingofseveralorganizationsthatarefocusedoninfectiousdiseases.
 
Ifthediseasedoesspreadtothewhitematterofthebrain,itcanbedifficulttodiagnose,Gholamsaid.Thefungalinfectioncauseslesionsinthebrainthatcanshowuponabrainscan,butaperson'ssymptomswillvary,dependingonwherethelesionsform,hesaid.
 
Inonecase,forexample,themanhadstroke-likesymptoms,includingalossofmusclecoordinationandslurredspeech,Gholamsaid.Themostcommonsymptomsinthethreecaseswereheadachesandalteredbrainfunctioning,accordingtothestudy.
 
Ultimately,doctorsneedtotestaperson'scerebrospinalfluidtoconfirmadiagnosisofvalleyfeverinthebrain,Gholamsaid.
 
Inallthreecases,themenweretreatedwithanti-fungalmedicationsandtheirsymptomsimproved,Gholamsaid.Thediseasecanbefatal,however,ifitisnottreated,hesaid.
 
Apersondoesn'tneedtohaveaseverecaseofvalleyfeverforthediseasetospreadandre-emergeinanotherlocationinthebody,Gholamnoted.Mosthealthypeopledonotevendevelopsymptomsafterinhalingthefungalspores,butaninfectioncanstillemergeinthefuture,hesaid.
 
Themostcommonsiteforthefungustospreadinthecentralnervoussystemisthemeninges,accordingtothestudy.
 
It'snotentirelyclearwhythefungusbecomesreactivatedinsomepeople;however,geneticsmaymakesomepeoplemorepronetothistypeofinfection,Gholamsaid.
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